CHAPTER 8
The Tracy Family History
Order No. 11
As Luck Would Have It
When doing family research sometimes you do things right,
sometimes you make mistakes, and sometimes you get lucky. Here is a story of
getting lucky.
Somewhere along the line, a Proctor cousin of ours decides to
do research on the Proctor family. He descends from William Proctor, a brother
to my Benjamin. But, he decides to research the Benjamin line. He does a very
through job and researches and writes 36 pages on this line.
(To refresh your memory, Thomas Moon’s wife was Lusany
Proctor. That is an interesting line, soon to come.)
On page 25 he says, "The Thomas Moon, Archibald Moon…are all
on the 1860 census in Clear Creek twp, Vernon Co MO." How he was able to find
them in 1860 when I could not find them is a mystery to me. But by placing
Thomas and Archibald Moon with their families and other relatives in Vernon CO.
during the Civil War, he would make our people unwilling participants to one of
the darkest chapters in American history…the burning.
I
Always
Knew
There
Was
More
To
The
Moon
Story
If tell’st this heavy story right,
Upon my soul the hearers will shed tears;
Yes, even my foes will shed fast-falling tears,
And say,-Alas!, It was a piteous deed.
-Shakespeare
To understand why our Moons were burned out
of Missouri, we must go back a few short years to 1854, when Kansas was opened
as a territory. The eastern boarder of Kansas joined that of Missouri, which had
been a slave state for 40 years.
The western land of Missouri was ideal for slave labor, as
was the one-third of Kansas that joined Missouri. The Missourians desperately
wanted Kansas to be a slave state.
But the decision for Kansas to be slave, or free, would be
dependent on the choice of the voters of that territory. The solution to the
problem was simple. The Missourians crossed the border in mass and voted in
Kansas to make the territory a slave state. But the Missouri method of stuffing
the ballot boxes was countered by the abolitionist in the northern states, who
paid their members to travel to Kansas and vote to make it a free-soil state.
The Northern abolitionist poured into Kansas.
It is not my purpose to retell the interesting story of the
struggle between the believers in slavery, and the abolitionists, for the control
of Kansas. Let me just say, that in the end, the abolitionists won and Kansas
came into the Union as a free soil-state.
You will remember that in California they would pit the wild
bulls against the grizzly bears that were natural enemies. So were the
pro-slavery and the abolitionists natural enemies. They absolutely hated one
another... to the point of violence.
When the Civil War broke out, in 1861, the people of the
solidly secessionist Western Missouri were ecstatic. Although the veterans of
the Mexican War were "strangely silent."
On the western edge of Missouri, none were more
pro-Confederate than those who lived in the counties of Jackson, Cass, Bates ...
and Vernon. These counties had the heaviest concentration of settlers from the
Southern States, mostly from Virginia, Kentucky, and you will remember our Moons
came from Tennessee.
Besides sending troops to the regular armies of the Union and
Confederacy, the boarder people of Western Missouri and Eastern Kansas also
formed irregular army bands. On the Confederate, Missouri side, they formed into
groups called Bushwhackers or Guerrillas. On the Union, Kansas side, they formed
into groups called Jayhawkers and Red Legs.
As time went on, both the North and the South wished for the
irregulars to disband and join the regular armies. However, the irregulars
believed they could serve their country best by fighting close to home where
they could be supplied by neighbors and relatives. Also they preferred fighting
in a region where they knew every inch of the ground.
The Kansas Jayhawkers would raid the Missouri towns and
farms. Horses, mules, any wagon in good condition, household goods and
furniture, anything of value was taken back to Kansas, where they were openly
sold in the streets of the Kansas border towns. Most of the stolen goods were
taken to Lawrence, where they were sold in the City Square. Sometimes the wagons
loaded with plunder would stretch for miles as they came out of Missouri.
Along with the plunder were slaves who were stolen, taken
across the border into Kansas where they were given their freedom. Remember,
Missouri was technically a Union State, which means that slavery was legal
during the war, and the Kansans were obliged by law to respect the slave owner's
rights. The law was simply ignored.
On the Missouri border, slaves were as good as gold. The
slaves were the ones who kept the Confederate farms operating. By stealing their
slaves it was an indirect way of destroying the enemy farms.
The rabble-rousing abolitionists, Daniel Anthony, brother of
Susan B. Anthony, with his gang, would raid into Border Missouri. He writes of
one raid, "On our route…we took 150 mules & 40 horses--129 Negroes and gave the
negroes 60 Horses & mules, a lot of oxen, 10 wagons & two carriages and all
loaded down with house hold furniture--The negroes train into Kansas was over a
mile long--"
It was observed that the freed slaves were better fed and
dressed than those who saved them.
Daniel Anthony, and his gang, would leave many a border town
smoldering.
Most of the raids were into the four counties of Jackson, Cass,
Bates, and where our Moons lived in Vernon.
What I have told you so far is not the worst. The Kansas
Jayhawkers would not hesitate to burn towns and farms. The reasons given for all
of these atrocities were "military necessity."
Even more terrible were the wanton murders. Fathers would be hung or shot down
in front of their wives and children pleading for their lives.
"Men are shot or hung every few days on the most trivial pretexts.”
And that is the type of men who road with the Kansas Jayhawkers. The Kansas Red
Legs were even worse!
As for the Missouri Bushwhacker, they were just as bad. They resorted to the
same tactics. Whatever the misdeeds were committed by the Kansans, the
Bushwhackers raided across the Kansas boarder and repaid in kind, with the
exception that you did not see long wagon trains of plunder.
Then, there were the Missouri Guerrillas who were even worse than the
Bushwhackers. But, most of the people in our part of Missouri looked upon the
Guerrillas as avenging angels and the defenders of the Southern way of life.
Most had friends and relatives serving with the Guerrillas, which in this part
of the country meant the famous, or infamous, Quantrill. They would
wholeheartedly support the Guerrillas in anyway they could, which included
feeding and shelter, providing with supplies, and acting as spies. Young men
poured into the Guerrilla ranks simply because it was not safe for them to live
at home.
Quantrill would raid into Kansas, then return into the four counties and simply
vanish. The Guerrilla bands were usually small, not more than 25 men at a time
would make a raid, although there were exceptions. And then, there were the
White Rags from Northern Missouri who were even worse than the Guerrillas.
However, there was a price to pay for helping the Guerrillas. Houses were burned
of known families of Bushwhackers, Guerrillas, and anyone suspected of aiding or
even being sympathetic to the Guerrilla cause.
It was an impossible situation for the citizens on either side of the border,
whether you were pro-Union, Confederate, or even neutral didn't matter. If the Confederate
sympathizers helped the Confederate soldiers by something as simple as feeding
them, then the Union soldiers would kill them. If the Union families fed the
Union soldiers then the Confederates would kill them. Yet, it was the policy
that if you failed to feed anyone of any side then you would be killed. And, if
one side discovered that you were feeding the other side, then you would be
killed. So you had Confederates helping Union soldiers and Union families
helping Confederate soldiers just to keep from being killed.
Even if you were totally innocent, you stood the chance of being killed. Both
sides would use deception. A band of Confederates may approach a Confederate
farm, but lying, they would tell the farmer that they were Union men and wanted
to know which side he was on. If he said, truthfully, that he was a Confederate
he would assume he would be killed. Wishing to save his life, he would lie and
strongly declare his loyalty to the Union. Then the band would tell him they
were in truth Confederates.
The poor farmer would now be led to his death while, truthfully, telling them
that he also was a Confederate. So you have these crazy, and true stories, of
Confederates killing Confederates and Union men killing other Union men. Both
sides routinely killed prisoners "...while trying to escape."
Strangely, when raiding, the Kansans didn't care if they were attacking Union
supporters or Confederate supporters. They would mistreat equally the same,
looting, burning, and killing Union people as if they were the enemy. This made
many of the loyal Union men... loyal Confederates. "The course pursued...has
turned against us many thousands who were formerly Union men.”
Then, there were the bandits who were after gain only. They would appear as
either Confederates, or Unionists, whichever suited their purpose at the time.
Even the thin veil of "military necessity" could not justify their killings.
In was only safe for a woman to go to town to get provisions with an ox and old
cart. Any man of military age found on the roads, or on a farm, would quickly be
picked up by either side.
Rape, virtually unknown in the other theaters of the war, was not uncommon in
the Boarder War. There were barbarity, and atrocities, committed by both sides
that are hard to believe. There was no chivalry in the Boarder War. For our
Moons, living in Vernon County during the Civil War was sheer hell! By January
1862, most of the four Counties had been devastated.
Now you can see how our
Moon's lost their property in Vernon County, Missouri, during the Civil War. The
Unionists burned out our people. Others might not be burned out simply because
they had a good piece of property, and the enemy wanted the property for
themselves. So you would loose either way.
But, our story is not finished yet.
As the war progressed, there would unfold a chain of events that would
eventually end in the burning. General Thomas Ewing was in command of the
Department of the Boarder. Ewing ordered that hundreds of families of the worst
known Guerrillas, that would be mostly women and children, were to be arrested,
with some being imprisoned and others banished to Confederate States.
Some women who were close relatives of the most notorious Guerrilla leaders were
imprisoned in a building in Lawrence.
George Caleb Bingham, was a famous frontier painter of his time. It was within
his three storied building in Lawrence, Kansas, that the women were imprisoned,
on the top floor, which was the artist's studio. Bingham was away on government
business at the time and apparently was not aware that his home was being used
as a prison.
Everyone knew that the building was unsafe. The weight of the women on the top
floor was too much, and the building collapsed killing five women and crippling
several others for life. Remember, these were the relatives of the top Guerrilla
leaders.
The Guerrilla leaders were enraged, and in retaliation planned a raid on
Lawrence itself. On 21 August 1863 Quantrill with 400 Guerrillas attacked Lawrence, sacking
the town, burning 185 buildings and massacring 142 civilians. This was one of
the few times the Guerrillas would fight in mass.
In punishment for the Lawrence raid, four days later, General Thomas Ewing
issued his infamous Order Number 11. Simply put, every person living in the four
counties of Jackson, Cass, Bates, and Vernon, were to remove themselves from the
State of Missouri within 15 days…and everything was to be burned to the ground.
This
order meant every person: that included those pro-Union as well as the
pro-Confederates, the loyal along with the disloyal, friends as well as foes,
including neutrals, the innocent with the guilty, the rich as well as the poor,
men, women, and children, the healthy with the invalid, the old with the young…
and then the four counties were to be burned to the ground from the magnificent
mansions to the humble slave cabins.
There was nothing to protect the people; no laws, no constitution, no rights.
Theirs would be but a desperate struggle to get out of Missouri by a date
certain.
President Lincoln approved Order Number 11.
Our painter, George Caleb Bingham, was not only a state government official, but
at the age of 50 he had enlisted in the Union army as a private and quickly rose
to the rank of brigadier general. He was enraged when learning of Order Number
11, believing it to be unjust. Demanding a meeting with General Ewing, Bingham
screamed to have it revoked. Ewing refused. Leaving, Bingham shot back his
famous words, "…I will make you infamous with pen and brush…"
The women in the four counties were panicky. It was the custom for all important
decisions to be made by the husbands who were now all away at war. The families
had no means to escape, having had all the good horses, mules, and wagons
previously taken.
To make matter worse, the order was to be enforced by Kansas troops.
"The news of the order quickly reached the remotest corners of the district
affected. In a few days the highways of the land were rife with fugitives,
courageous women and little children, decrepit old men and young boys. They
drove small herds of cattle, or a few flocks of sheep, belonging to two or three
families which for mutual assistance usually went together. The household goods
went in rickety wagons drawn by oxen or by superannuated horses, exempted from
army service because too feeble to carry a soldier."
There were no horses or mules and oxen were scarce so the women would use milk
cows and hitch them to the rickety wagons, and if milk cows were not available
they would use calves. One man was able to keep a good horse because he trained
it too limp whenever anyone (Union troops) road up on.
One Union officer chronicled their escape, "It is heartsickening to see what I
have seen since I have been back here. A desolate country and men and women and
children, some of them almost naked. Some on foot and some in old wagons. Oh
God!"
"Bare-footed and bare-headed women and children, stripped of every article of
clothing except a scant covering for their bodies, were exposed to the heat of
an August sun." "...and compelled to struggle through the dust on foot. All
their means of transportation had been seized by the spoilers…"
"The road from Independence to Lexington was crowded with women and children,
women walking with their babies in their arms, packs on their backs, and four or
five children following after them--some crying for bread…O, how sad!"
Children begged to go home. Little girls clutched their dolls.
Union General Richard C. Vaughan, witnessed the implementation or Order Number
11 and wrote. "The torch was freely used, and dense columns of smoke from
burning dwellings were seen far and wide over the scourged district and men were
ruthlessly shot down in the very act of obeying the order."
Just one small squad of Kansas men burned 110 houses. A Kansas soldier wrote,
"…Chimneys mark the spot where once stood costly farm houses…"
In total, 3600 square miles were wiped off the face of the earth. So complete
was the burning that even the fence post were pulled from the ground and the
stumps burned. As many as 20,000 to 100,000 people were put on the roads, their
homes burned and made refugees. No one knows the number for sure because all of
the records were destroyed in the burning.
To make the suffering even worse, most of the refugees had no where to go. Some
huddled on the riverbanks where passing riverboat captains took pity on them and
took them aboard. Others would find only caves to live in.
None who suffered through Order Number 11 would ever forget, including our three
year old Lousannie, Grandma Elam as mom knew her.
So bitter were her memories, that 40 years later Louisa Young refused to allow
her grandson, Harry S. Truman, to appear in front of her wearing his blue
military uniform. (At age 11 the future president’s mother and her family were also
burned out of their home.)
Ever since, this land has been known as the “Burnt District.” Two years later, a
minister who traveled through the “Burnt District” described it simply and
truthfully, "Man no longer existed there."
There were those in Jackson County who remembered that some 30 years earlier
that the Mormons, as were their habit, were driven out of Jackson County by the
mobs. The Mormons embittered prophet, Joseph Smith told his persecutors:
"God's wrath hangs over Jackson County. God's people have been ruthlessly driven
from it, and you will see the day when it will be visited by fire and the sword.
The Lord of Hosts will sweep it with a besom of destruction. The fields and
farms and houses will be destroyed, and only the chimneys will be left to mark
the desolation."
Frank James, brother to Jesse, tells the story of a man he knew who made a
fortune by going into the “Burnt District” and rounded up abandoned cattle. “A
high toned cattle thief!” Frank James comes back into our story later.
And what happened to the man who caused it all, General Thomas Ewing? This is an
interesting story and brings back into the story our painter, George Caleb
Bingham. After the war, Ewing ran for governor of Ohio, which was his
positioning for his true ambition which was to be president of the United
States. Perhaps he would have gone down in history as president if it were not
for our artists.
Shortly after the war, Bingham fulfilled his promise to destroy Ewing on canvas,
and he started his famous painting "Order Number 11." Only when the painting
came out and prints were made did the American public know the true horrors and
the suffering of the people caused by Ewing's military order.
When one looks at the painting, you see several stories all at the same time.
Central to the whole picture is a bearded Thomas Ewing himself, astride a horse
as he views his carnage. In the upper left hand corner is a Kansas soldier
stealing household goods and throwing them off the balcony to soldiers below who
are loading the loot into a wagon. At the bottom left is the body of a young man
who has been shot trying to defend his home. Lying over him is the prostrate
body of his young wife. A gray-haired grandfather defies a soldier who is about
to draw a gun on him as a young woman tries to keep him from being shot. A
scared child pulls on the grandfather's leg. Another young woman begs for mercy.
The mother faints and is held in the arms of their black mammy. In the lower
right, a slave and his son flee in terror. In the distance we see the smoke
rising from hundreds of burned farms as a long line of refugee wagons goes towards
the west.
With this one painting Thomas Ewing's dreams of being president were crushed.
Bingham made two different versions of this
famous painting, Order No. 11 (also known as Martial Law). One is in the
collection of the State Historical Society of Missouri, in Columbia, MO, which
is housed at the University of Missouri-Columbia campus.
The other version is at the Cincinnati Art Museum in Ohio.
The Jackson County Historical Society in Independence, MO.,
has an old photo of the painting which used to hang on someone’s wall. Someday I
would like to look at this old wall photo.
In addition, “A number of copies of this paint were made–not
by the artist but by other craftsmen.”
How were our Moons affected by "Order Number
11?" I am not 100% sure. The History of Vernon County (1887) says, "Near the
year 1856, came…Thos. Moon, Archibald Moon…all of whom settled in the vicinity
of Schell City." (That city is located in the extreme NE corner of Vernon County in
Bacon Township close to the Bates County border. Bacon Township only had a
dozen families at the beginning of the war.) "Thos. Moon died about the
commencement of the Civil War. Arch Moon removed to the Pacific coast during the
war…"
It does not say how Thos. Moon died, nor does it tell us that
Arch Moon and family were burned out, and run out of Missouri under penalty of
death. One can only wonder if Thos. Moon died a natural death.
Order Number 11 was given in August of 1863. I still believe
that the best estimate for Archibald's wagon train crossing the plains was in
1863. So Archibald and family would have been arriving at Uncle Billy's ranch
almost at the same time that Order Number 11 began. Order Number 11 covered the
three counties of Jackson, Cass, and Bates…and the northern top (2 miles) of
Vernon County. The rest of Vernon County had, by piece meal, been totally burned
out the year before. Thus, the burning of Vernon County was the prologue to
Order Number 11.
We do know that Archibald's family had been burned out, all
of the possessions stolen, and “We will leave you only with your lives."
Archibald did own land in the northern part of the county and he did own land in
Bates County. These farms definitely fell under Order Number 11.
They would have been luckier than their neighbors in two
respects. They had been able to save the good mule by hiding it in the ravine
during the burning of their house, and they had the old broken down mule that
Archibald was riding when he found the house burned. One wonders if they were
able to keep the good mule during the exodus from Missouri. Second, it is
reasonable to assume that they lost everything in the burning, but were
fortunate to have relatives and friend who were able to finance their, costly,
trip to California.
The order did not require the people to leave the state, only
the four counties. Many fled east into the neighboring Confederate counties.
Our people fled west, 2,000 miles.
Did Archibald also have a farm in Vernon County that was
burned out a year before Order Number 11, or was he burned out earlier in upper
Vernon County and Bates County by a roving band before Order Number 11 finished
the job? We don't know. I think he was burned out early while in the Order
Number 11 area.
A year after the war, in 1866, Archibald, in Tehama County,
California, tried to regain his land in Missouri by making out a two page Power
of Attorney giving his younger brother, Thomas N. Moon, a resident of Vernon
County, Missouri, the right to sell his land in Bacon Township, Vernon County,
also his land in Bates County, and any other land that he might own.
Was he successful in regaining his land? Pat Brophy, curator
of the Bushwhacker Museum, in Nevada, Vernon County, tells me that the people were
driven from their land, but they still owned the land. Their land could not be
taken for non-payment of taxes because the tax records were burned…and the tax
collectors were also driven from the state. (The staff at the Bushwhacker Museum
were most helpful.)
It would appear that when you count the uncles, and cousins,
and children, etc.…that we had a lot of Moons in Missouri. It is possible that
Archibald was burned out of one farm, decided, wisely, to get out of Missouri
early and left his other farms under the care of relatives, who shortly
thereafter were burned out.
These are the possibilities. One can only guess as to what actually happened.
But no matter what happened our Moons were definitely affected by Order No.11.
I told you that the official records for these counties were
destroyed in the burning. That is except for Vernon County where the County
Clerk stole the records, put them in hiding and only returned them after the
war…so I could do my family research.
Lately, I have suspected that there were two
wagon trains, one year apart. Archibald purchases land at Paskenta a few months
before Order Number 11 was issued. Yet, from research, I strongly believe our
people were burned out under the order.
Recently, I had a meeting with the two remaining descendants
of George Wm. Moon, Elizabeth Cleek, and her daughter Bette Trainor. They tell
me that the Cleeks came over in the Moon wagon train, and that it is believed
that there were two wagon trains a year apart.
Who came over in which wagon train, first or second, and what
age each crossed the plains is anyone’s guess. The 1860 census of Vernon County,
as is the custom of taking censuses, is done in geographical order. That is, the
census taker goes from one farm to the next farm. Census are not done in
alphabetical order. The census shows Archibald and Thomas farms to be next to
one another.
It is reasonable to assume that when Archibald’s family was
burned out, then his father’s family was burned out at the same time and
suffered the same fate.
I have told you enough of the story to wet your appetite. If
you would like to know more then I have some recommended books on the subject.
Recommended Books
A good little 18 page booklet is titled Order Number 11,
by Joanne Chiles Eakin. It only cost $2.50.
By the same author, is a 111 page book titled 'Tear and
Turmoil, Order Number 11'. This is a compilation or individual stories of people
who suffered through Order Number 11.
There is a 172 page book on the history of the Guerrilla War
on the Western Boarder by Thomas Goodrich titled Black Flag, Guerrilla
Warfare on the Western Boarder, 1861-1865. It is a more complete story of
the history of the war, but it also gives the events leading up to Order Number
11, touches on the story of the Order, and what happened afterwards.
All three of the above can be purchased through the Blue &
Grey Book Shoppe, 107 W. Lexington, Independence, MO 64050.
A good book on the Guerillas, specifically Quantrill, is
The Devil Knows How To Ride, by Edward E. Leslie. You should you be able to
get this through your local library.
If the story I have told you about the tragedy of Order
Number 11, brings tears to your eyes, then I would advise that you do not read
any of the suggested books, for the full story is even more heart wrenching.
Bingham's famous painting 'Order Number 11' is melodramatic
and certainly not considered a masterpiece. It is controversial. Some say that
it destroyed Ewing's dreams of being president, yet, there are others who say it
had no effect on Ewing's political career. I prefer to believe the version that
it did indeed destroy his political ambitions. It makes for a more interesting
family history.
The “Burnt District” ran for 120 miles in length and 30 miles
in width. You can only appreciate the magnitude of this section when you drive your car
out of town on a trip. It should impress you that it will take you 2 hours at 60
miles an hour just to cover the length. As you drive, look left and right and
imagine that the width was 15 miles in both directions…and all you can see
are standing chimneys.
Our cousin Lillola (Bonnie) Horning of Las Vegas, NV., provides us with
the following information:
Two people died in the Archibald wagon train of 1863. One was
a little girl, previously mentioned, and the other was a woman, whose name is
unknown.
In California, Archibald was considered the “Great White
Father” to the Indians. He was greatly respected by them and they would come to
him with their problems. He was especially helpful in their dealings with the
government.
Bonnie's mother told her the story of Archibald's funeral in
1908. She was 7 or 8 years old at the time. The Indians came in full ceremonial
dress and put on dances at the funeral. When word was known of the Indians
intentions to perform at the funeral in full ceremonial dress, the white people
from all over came to see the show.
Bonnie's mother was terrified and viewed the scene hiding
behind her mother and peaking around her dress.
Uncle Joe, Joseph Moon, son of Archibald who appears in the
famous funeral photo, had a gold mine, hit gold and never worked another day of
his life. He hired professional genealogists to research the Moon line. Thomas
Moon, who I could not trace any further, was his grandfather. Therefore, he was
a lot closer to the family tree than me. The family tree goes way back, probably
hundreds of years, to the Norse people, the old Scandinavians. Originally, the
family name was “Mun.”
Obviously, Uncle Joe had the family tree printed up in more
than one copy and distributed them to the family. Only Bonnie has told me this
story. I told Bonnie that the family tree done by Uncle Joe would be in
someone's attic in a trunk. My feelings tell me that one-day this family tree
will show up somewhere.
Bonnie says, "I don't know. Knowing Uncle Joe he would have
burned them!" Apparently, Uncle Joe was a very nice person…but very erratic!
Unmarried he would leave some of his estate to relatives, but
most went to charity. He was a Shriner
Bonnie has an antique photo album which she believes came
down from the Moons. She is sure of one photo being a Moon. There are several
photos of “Comstocks” (believed to be from the famous Comstock mining family).
It is possible that one of our Moons married one of the Comstocks.
Cousin Flo, 94 years old, living in Petaluma, CA., says that
Archibald was a Confederate spy. According to staff at the Bushwhacker Museum,
this could mean anything from one who was sympathetic to the Confederate cause,
to passing information to the enemy. We have reason to believe that Archibald
was more than sympathetic to the cause and probably rode with the guerrillas.
Bushwhacker Museum Newsletter, Jan. 1, 2002.
"There were several hundred murders in Vernon County before and after the war.
Most were never solved and were considered acts of war." By Derald Linn,
historian.
"General Order No. 11 was perhaps the harshest act of the U.S. Government against it's own people in American history." Thomas Goodrich, Black Flag, Indiana University Press
My family history web site has 79 chapters. If you would like to know more about the other chapters then go to my Home Page www.thetracyfamilyhistory.net
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